China: Xi Jinping. His father, Xi Zhongxun (1913–2002), was a Communist revolutionary figure. In May 1966, Xi's secondary education was cut short by the Cultural Revelution, when all secondary classes were halted for students to criticise and fight their teachers. Xi was 15 when his father was jailed in 1968 during the Cultural Revolution.
Russia: Putin. Two elder brothers, Viktor and Albert, were born in the mid-1930s; Albert died within a few months of birth, while Viktor succumbed to diphtheria during the siege of Leningrad in World War II. Putin's paternal grandfather, Spiridon Ivanovich Putin (1879–1965), was a chef who at one time or another cooked for Vlanmir Lenin
Brazil: Dilma Rousseff. According to Apolo Heringer, who was the leader of Colina in 1968 and taught Marxism to Rousseff in high school, she chose the armed struggle after reading Revolution inside the Revolution by Regis Derby, a French intellectual who had moved to Cuba and became a friend of Fidel Castro and Che Guevara.
Canada: Stephen Harper. Harper became involved in politics as a member of his high school's Young Liberal Club. He later changed his political allegiance because he disagreed with theNational energy program (NEP) of Pierre Trudeal's Liberal government. He became chief aide to Progressively Conservative MP Jim Hawkes in 1985, but later became disillusioned with both the party and the government of Brain Mulroney.
Germany: Joachim Gauck. His father was an experienced ship's captain and distinguished naval officer (Captain of sea ), who after World War II worked as an inspector at the Nepton Werft shipbuilding company. Both of his parents were Nazi Party members.
France: François Hollande. Hollande was raised Catholic but is now an atheist. After volunteering as a student to work for Hollande's ultimately unsuccessful campaign in the 1974 presidential election, Hollande joined the Socialist Party five years later.
India: Pranab Mukherjee. Mukherjee became a Gandhi loyalist, and is often described as her "man for all seasons". Mukherjee's rise was rapid in the early phase of his career and he was appointed Union Deputy Minister of Industrial Development in Indira Gandhi's cabinet in 1973. Mukherjee was active in the Indian cabinet during the controversial Internal Emergency of 1975–77.
Israel: Reuven Rivlin. During his term as speaker, he was criticized for breaking the tradition of political neutrality of the post; he was one of Ariel Sharon's harshest critics regarding the disengagement plan.
Japan: Shinzō Abe. He studied political science at Seikei University, graduating in 1977. He later moved to the United States and studied public policy at the University of Southern California's School of Public Policy. In April 1979, Abe began working for Kobe Steel. He left the company in 1982 and pursued a number of government positions including executive assistant to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, private secretary to the chairperson of the LDP General Council, and private secretary to the LDP secretary-general.
Syria: Bashar al-Assad: Bashar al-Assad initially showed little interest in politics. He graduated from medical school and moving to London to study ophthalmology in his twenties.
United Kingdom: David Cameron. Cameron lost to Jonathan Hill, who was appointed in March 1992. He was given the responsibility for briefing Major for his press conferences during the 1992 general election.During the campaign, Cameron was one of the young "brat pack" of party strategists who worked between 12 and 20 hours a day, sleeping in the house of Alan Duncan in Gayfere Street, Westminster.
Mexico: Enrique Peña Nieto. Upon graduating as a lawyer from the Universidad Panamericana, Peña Nieto sought a Master's degree in the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, based in the State of Mexico. By the side of Montiel Rojas, he formally started his political career and became the Secretary of the Citizen Movement of Zone I of the State Directive Committee of the National Confederation of Popular Organizations
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